Contents

• List of Tables
• List of Figures
• First Meeting
  • Lecture Information
  • Overview
  • Text Book
  • Grading Criteria & Policies
  
  
• Introduction/Overview
  • What Is An Operating System?
    • User View - The OS as an Extended Machine
    • System View - The OS as a Resource Manager
    • Defining OS and Functionalities
  • Computer-System Organization
    • Computer-System Operation
    • Storage Structure
    • I/O Structure
  • OPERATING SYSTEMS LABORATORY I - UNIX Tutorial - Additional
    • History of the UNIX operating system
    • Debugging C/C++ Programs Using gdb
  • Evolution of Operating Systems, Computer-System Architecture and Operating-System Structure
    • Mainframe Systems
    • Batch and Multiprogrammed Systems
    • Time Sharing
    • Personnel Computers and Single-Processor Systems
    • Multiprocessor Systems; Parallel Processing Systems - Tightly coupled systems
    • Multiprocessor Systems; Distributed Systems - Loosely coupled systems
    • Real-Time Embedded Systems
    • Handheld Systems
  • Operating-System Operations
    • Dual-Mode Operation
    • Timer
  • Process Management
  • Memory Management
  • Storage Management
    • File-System Management
    • Mass-Storage Management
    • Caching
    • I/O Systems
  • Protection
  • Operating-System Structures
    • Operating-System Services
    • User Operating-System Interface
    • System Calls
    • Types of System Calls
    • Operating-System Design and Implementation
    • Operating-System Structure
    • Virtual Machines
  
  
• Processes
  • Process Concept
    • The Process
    • Process State
    • Process Control Block
  • Process Scheduling
    • Scheduling Queues
    • Schedulers
    • Context Switch
    • Modelling Multiprogramming
  • Operations on Processes
    • Process Creation
    • Process Termination
  • Interprocess Communication
    • Shared-Memory Systems
  
  
• Threads
  • Overview
    • Motivation
    • Benefits
  • Multithreading Models
    • Many-to-One Model
    • One-to-One Model
    • Many-to-Many Model
  • Thread Libraries
    • Pthreads
  • Threading Issues
    • The $fork()$ and $exec()$ System Calls
    • Cancellation
    • Signal Handling
  • Operating-System Examples
    • Linux Threads
  
  
• CPU scheduling
  • Basic Concepts
    • CPU-I/O Burst Cycle
    • CPU Scheduler
    • Pre-emptive Scheduling
    • Dispatcher
  • Scheduling Criteria
  • Scheduling Algorithms
    • First-Come, First-Served Scheduling
    • Shortest-Job-First Scheduling
    • Priority Scheduling
    • Round-Robin Scheduling
    • Multilevel Queue Scheduling
    • Multilevel Feedback-Queue Scheduling
  • Multiple-Processor Scheduling
    • Approaches to Multiple-Processor Scheduling
    • Load Balancing
  • Operating System Examples
    • Example: Linux Scheduling
  
  
• Process Synchronization
  • Race Condition
  • The Critical-Section Problem
    • Disabling Interrupts: (Systems approach)
    • Lock Variables: (Software approach)
  • Mutual Exclusion with Busy Waiting
    • Strict Alternation (Software approach)
  • Peterson's Solution (Software approach)
  • Semaphores
    • Usage
    • Implementation
    • Deadlocks and Starvation
    • Mutexes
  • Classic Problems of Synchronization
    • The Bounded-Buffer Problem
    • The Readers-Writers Problem
    • The Dining-Philosophers Problem
  • Monitors
    • Usage
  
  
• Deadlocks
  • System Model
  • Deadlock Characterization
    • Necessary Conditions
    • Resource-Allocation Graph
  • Methods for Handling Deadlocks
  • Deadlock Prevention
    • Mutual Exclusion
    • Hold and Wait
    • No Preemption
    • Circular Wait
  • Deadlock Avoidance
    • Safe State
  • Deadlock Detection
    • Single Instance of Each Resource Type
    • Several Instances of a Resource Type
    • Detection-Algorithm Usage
  • Recovery From Deadlock
    • Process Termination
    • Resource Preemption
  
  
• Main memory
  • Background
    • Basic Hardware
    • Address Binding
    • Logical Versus Physical Address Space
    • Dynamic Loading
    • Dynamic Linking and Shared Libraries
  • Swapping
  • Contiguous Memory Allocation
    • Memory Mapping and Protection
    • Memory Allocation
    • Fragmentation
  • Paging
    • Basic Method
    • Protection
    • Shared Pages
  • Segmentation
    • Basic Method
    • Hardware
  
  
• Virtual Memory
  • Background
  • Demand Paging
    • Basic Concepts
    • Performance of Demand Paging
  • Copy-on-Write
  • Page Replacement
    • Basic Page Replacement
    • FIFO Page Replacement
    • Optimal Page Replacement
    • LRU Page Replacement
  • Allocation of Frames
    • Allocation Algorithms
    • Global versus Local Allocation
  • Thrashing
    • Cause of Thrashing
  
  
• File-System Interface
  • File Concept
    • File Attributes
    • File Operations
    • An Example Program Using File System Calls
    • File Types
    • Internal File Structure
  • Access Methods
    • Sequential Access
    • Direct (Random) Access
    • Other Access Methods
  • Directory Structure
    • Storage Structure
    • Directory Overview
    • Single-Level Directory
    • Two-Level Directory
    • Tree-Structured Directories
    • Acyclic-Graph Directories
  • File-System Mounting
  • File Sharing
    • Multiple Users
  • Protection
    • Types of Access
    • Access Control
  
  
• File System Implementation
  • File-System Structure
  • File-System Implementation
    • Overview
    • Partitions and Mounting
    • Virtual File Systems
  • Directory Implementation
    • Linear List
    • Hash Table
  • Allocation Methods
    • Contiguous Allocation
    • Linked Allocation
    • Indexed Allocation
  • Free-Space Management
    • Bit Vector
    • Linked List
    • Grouping
    • Counting
  • Log-Structured File Systems
  
  
• Mass-Storage Structure
  • Overview of Mass-Storage Structure
    • Magnetic Disks
  • Disk Structure
  • Disk Attachment
    • Host-Attached Storage
    • Network-Attached Storage
    • Storage-Area Network
  • Disk Scheduling
    • FCFS Scheduling
    • SSTF Scheduling
    • SCAN Scheduling
    • C-SCAN Scheduling
    • LOOK Scheduling
  • Disk Management
    • Disk Formatting
  • RAID Structure
    • Improvement of Reliability via Redundancy
    • Improvement in Performance via Parallelism
    • RAID Levels
  
  
• References:
• Vita